Answer :
The correct answer is Abiotic factors are non-living components of an ecosystem that influence their surroundings. Examples may be light, water, and temperature in a terrestrial habitat. Abiotic elements in a marine environment would include salinity and ocean currents.
Small populations only experience a downward cycle of population reduction. What major cause is responsible for the extinction vortex? the decline in genetic variety needed to provide reactions to environmental change through evolution, such as new strains of diseases. The phrase "extinction vortex," first used by Gilpin & Soulé in 1986, refers to the process that decreasing populations go through when "a mutual reinforcement of biotic and abiotic processes develops that pushes population size downward to extinction" (Brook, Sodhi & Bradshaw 2008). These occurrences may involve a sharp decline in population numbers brought by by illness, catastrophes, or climate change. A vortex of extinction can also be started by habitat loss or degradation. Other variables include slower-moving occurrences like excessive predation or overharvesting (from fishing, hunting, etc.).
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