The cell cycle is fundamental to the reproduction of eukaryotic cells. (a) Describe the phases of the cell cycle. (b) Explain the role of THREE of the following in mitosis or cytokinesis: • Kinetochores • Microtubules • Motor proteins • Actin filaments (c) Describe how the cell cycle is regulated and discuss ONE consequence of abnormal regulation.



Answer :

The cell cycle is fundamental to the reproduction of eukaryotic cells:

a) The phases of cell cycle include G1, S, G2, M phase.

b) Role of following:

Kinetochores: Structure present on the chromosome that provide binding area for spindle fibers.

Microtubules: These are the structure present in the cell that help in cargo movement, and give support to the cell.

Motor proteins: kinesins and dynein are the motor proteins that help in cargo transport by carrying the cargo filled vesicles.

Actin filaments: are involved in the movement of muscles.

c) The cell cycle is regulated by various proteins some of which help the cycle to move forwards whereas some halt it in case of some anomaly.

if cell cycle is abnormally regulated it can lead to cancer.

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