In the context of the passage as a whole, the twelfth paragraph (lines 45-50) serves primarily to
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explain why the cleanup efforts are unlikely to succeed over time
acknowledge potential complications with the efficacy of a cleanup attempt
redefine the scope of the cleanup problem through the lens of increased plastic production
suggest that scientists underestimated the magnitude of the plastic that needs to be cleaned up
concede that more plastic is likely to be produced than can be cleaned up