Answer :
The statement that correctly describes the pattern of tree species richness is a tree species richness increases with decreasing latitude (closer to the equator).
The richness of tree species - and many other taxonomic groups - increases the closer they are to the equator. The latitude of the equator is 0, so decreasing latitudes mean that areas are closer to the equator regardless of approaching from the north or south. There is no similar pattern regarding longitude.
Species diversity is measured through a combination of species richness (the number of species present) and species evenness (the abundance of each species). Stem density and species richness both decrease with latitude.
Learn more about the tree species richness here:
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