The nervous system's primary jobs are as follows:
- Reception of sensory data generally (touch, pressure, temperature, pain, vibration)
- Special sensation such as vision, taste, sounds, smell
- Integration and processing of sensory data from various parts
- Generation of responses.
Sensation
- This is how various areas of the brain process all environmental changes that are occurring. All around the body are the specialized nerve cells known as receptors.
- They become active in response to a stimulus and use nerves to transmit impulses to the spinal cord and brain.
- For example, the sensory neurons found on the hand's skin detect heat when a person touches a hot skillet. These produce a signal that is sent to the brain, where it prompts the motor neurons to act in order to lift the hand away from the pan (response).
Response
- Focuses on the bodily reaction that the brain produces in response to stimuli or sensations.
- The most frequent response is a muscular contraction or relaxation as a result of neurons from the brain or spinal cord moving the muscles to produce the proper response.
Integration
- The signal's reception and the response's processing are both parts of this process.
- For instance, if a dog is approaching you and you see it from a distance, the nervous system transmits the signal of sight to the brain, where it is processed. Now, the body moves and the necessary action of running occurs when the neurological system activates the muscles.
Controlling the body
- The somatic nervous system, which governs all voluntary acts, and the autonomic nervous system, which governs all involuntary movements, are responsible for this.
- In the above mentioned example of a dog, running is under voluntary control however, increased heart rate and sweating is under autonomic control.
Learn more about the nervous system here:
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