Vibrio cholerae produces a toxin that binds to a plasma membrane receptor on intestinal cells of the host. The toxin permanently activates the G protein in target cells, causing them to lose water rapidly. When a person is infected with cholera they suffer severe dehydration.The V. cholerae toxin disrupts homeostasis in humans by ___________.

causing severe diarrhea and water loss in affected cells and surrounding tissues



damaging skin cells leading to external erosion and ulceration



superficial dehydration through direct drying of intestinal tissues



killing intestinal cells and leading to rapid replacement via mitosis