Bureaucracies have five primary traits, according to Weber. They consist of formal written records, competency for job assignments, specialization and division of work, standard operating processes, and impersonality in bureaucracy.
Both a collection of non-elected leaders and an administrative policy-making body are referred to as bureaucracies. A bureaucracy, historically, was a form of government administration where departments were run by non-elected people. Any significant institution today, whether it is privately or publicly held, is governed by bureaucracy. Bureaucracy is exemplified by the public administration in many jurisdictions and sub-jurisdictions, but it may also be seen in any organization with a centralized hierarchical structure, such as hospitals, academic institutions, commercial businesses, social clubs, etc. Bureaucracy faces two main problems. Whether bureaucrats should be independent or directly answerable to their political overlords is the first conundrum. The second conundrum centers on whether bureaucrats should rigorously follow the law or if they should have some discretion to choose the best course of action in various situations.
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