Answer :
Mechanical waves come in two different varieties: longitudinal waves, in which the medium is moved in the same direction as the wave.
What kind of wave is distinguished by the motion of a particle that moves perpendicular to the wave?
The motion of the wave and the particles is always parallel in longitudinal waves. A classic illustration of a longitudinal wave is a sound wave that is moving through air.
What kind of wave best explains situations where particle motion is opposed to energy motion?
Particles are displaced perpendicular to the wave's direction in a transverse wave. Transverse waves, such as those that cause ripples on the water's surface and vibrations in a string, are examples.
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