Answer :
Galileo’s telescopic discoveries of the moons of Jupiter are often mentioned. But they did not amount to proof that the Ptolemaic system was incorrect.
It's hard to tell you how big a shakeup this caused in astronomy at the time. Thanks to Galileo, we now knew that planets weren't perfect, ethereal lights in the sky. That things could orbit them, same as (most astronomers thought) things did around Earth, making Earth less special, and providing evidence that maybe that heliocentric theory wasn't that out there.
Basically, before Galileo, astronomers were looking at an unchanging, heavenly firmament, separate from Earth by its very heavenly nature.
After, they were studying planets - actual worlds like ours - and moons and the physical (as opposed to heavenly) reality of their place in the universe.
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