Conservation of momentum, the general law of physics according to which the momentum never changes in an isolated collection of objects.
During the one-dimensional collision of two objects of masses m1 and m2, which have velocities u1 and u2 before collision and velocities v2 and v2 after the collision, the impulsive force on the first object is F21 (applied by the second object) and the impulsive force on the second object is F12 (applied by the first object). Applying Newton’s third law, these two impulsive forces are equal and opposite, i.e.,
F21 = − F12
If the time of contact is t, the impulse of the force F21 is equal to the change in momentum of the first object.
F21. t = m1v1 − m1u1
The impulse of force F12 is equal to the change in momentum of the second object.
F12. t = m2v2 − m2u2
From F21 = − F12
F21. t = − F12. t
m1v1 − m1u1 = − (m2v2 − m2u2)
m1u1+m2u2= m1v1+m2v2
The momentum of an object is the product of the velocity and mass of an object. It is a vector quantity. Conservation of momentum is a fundamental law of physics, which states that the total momentum of an isolated system is conserved.
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