There were many detractors when scientists first suggested the Theory of Continental Drift. The spreading of the sea floor theory established that plates are what move continents.
American geophysicist Harry H. Hess put forth the seafloor spreading theory in 1960.
Magma rising in the rift as the old crust pulls itself in opposing directions causes the seafloor to spread. The lava is cooled by seawater, forming a new crust.
Over millions of years, the magma's upward flow and subsequent cooling produced high ridges on the ocean floor.
However, the seabed is reforged at seafloor spreading ridges and destroyed at subduction zones, when oceanic crust slides under continents and sinks back into the mantle.
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