the functional-processual approach seeks to create generalized explanation. in contrast, which theory favors an individualizing approach that is influenced by structuralism, critical theory, and neo-marxist thought?

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19-12-2022
Social Studies

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the functional-processual approach seeks to create generalized explanation. in contrast, which theory favors an individualizing approach that is influenced by structuralism, critical theory, and neo-marxist thought?

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FarzaLC FarzaLC · Answer 1 · 2022-12-21T20:57:45-05:00

the functional-processual approach seeks to create generalized explanation. in contrast, Post-processual theory favors an individualizing approach that is influenced by structuralism, critical theory, and neo-marxist thought

Post-processual archeology

Post-processual archeology, which is sometimes referred to as interpretive archeology by its adherents, is a movement within archaeological theory that emphasizes the subjectivity of archaeological interpretation. Despite sharing a series of vague similarities, post-processualism consists of "very diverse strands of thought merging into a loose bunch of traditions". Within the post-processualist movement, various theoretical viewpoints have been espoused, including structuralism and Neo-Marxism, as well as different techniques of archeology, such as phenomenology.

The post-processual movement originated in England in the late 1970s and early 1980s, pioneered by archaeologists such as Ian Hodder , Daniel Miller , Christopher Tilley and Peter Ucko , who were influenced by Marxist anthropology French , [needs clarification ] postmodernism and similar trends in sociocultural anthropology. Parallel developments soon followed in the United States.

Initially post-processualism was mainly a reaction to and criticism of processual archeology, a paradigm developed in the 1960s by 'New Archaeologists' such as Lewis Binford, and which had become dominant in Anglophone archeology in the 1970s. Post-processualism is highly critical of a central tenet of processualism, namely its assertion that archaeological interpretation can, if the scientific method is applied, arrive at conclusions that are wholly objective.

In the United States, archaeologists widely see post-processualism as a concomitant of the processual movement, while in Britain, they remain largely considered a separate and opposing theoretical movement. In other parts of the world, post-processualism has had less of an impact on archaeological thought.

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