Answer :
The density-dependent birth rate, density-dependent death rate, density-dependent birth rate, and density-independent death rate are all factors that limit population expansion.
Different environmental constraints that hinder population expansion in the ecosystem are limiting variables. Environmental factors including competition, predation, and diseases affect birth rates in relation to population density. In ecology, a density-dependent factor, also known as a regulatory factor, is any force that modifies the size of a population of living creatures in response to population density. Limiting variables that depend on density are frequently biotic—having to do with living things. Two significant examples of factors that depend on density are competition and predation.
Birth and death rates are both density-independent variables that impact population size. These density-independent causes include nutritional or food scarcity, environmental contaminants, and harsh weather, including seasonal patterns like the monsoon. In addition, catastrophes like fires and storms can have an effect on population increase.
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