Merchants from the Islamic world who traded with Europeans, innovations from ancient India.
India also gave the world chess, snakes and ladders, basmati rice, yoga, Sanskrit, Ayurveda, water on the moon, cosmetic surgery, the binary number system, ink, Fibonacci numbers, fibre optics, USB, and a host of other inventions.
As is well known, in 628 AD, Brahmagupta gave the first definition of "zero" and its use. He was a Hindu mathematician and astronomer who invented the "zero" sign, which is a dot under numerals. The Zero Project considers that the number "zero" has been there for a while without claiming to have created it.
Thus, merchants from the Islamic world who traded with Europeans, innovations from ancient India.
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