Where did complex numbers come from?
The first to underline the fictitious nature of numbers was the French mathematician René Descartes, who claimed that "one can envision as many (numbers) as already indicated in each equation, but occasionally, there is no quantity that matches what we picture."
However, Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano's contribution to the understanding of complex numbers dates back to the 16th century. Cardano demonstrated that the presence of a negative factor inside a square root can result in the solution of an equation. The square root of a negative number was regarded to be impossible until that point.
The contemporary foundations of the word were developed by mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss in the latter half of the 18th century as he combined Cardano's premises with a book on complex numbers in a plane.
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