Microtubules are the building blocks of cilia, which are tiny hair-like projections that emerge from the surface of some cells. It is also the major component of specialized cilia, such as the sperm cell tail, which beats to allow the cell to move in a fluid media.
Flagella (plural, flagellum) are long, hair-like projections that protrude from the cell surface and are used to propel whole cells, such as sperm.
The mitochondria, which provide the energy for the tail to move, are located in the midpiece. To drive the sperm towards the egg, the tail makes whip-like motions back and forth.
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