This is an example of competitive exclusion. Over many generations, Gentoo penguins in another area adapt to feed on krill at greater depths than the Chinstrap penguins. This is an example of adaptive radiation.
Competitive exclusion is a principle in ecology that states that two species that occupy the same niche cannot coexist indefinitely. If one species is better adapted to the environment and has a competitive advantage over the other, it will outcompete the other species and drive it to extinction. This is what appears to have happened in the case of the Chinstrap and Gentoo penguins. These two species occupy the same area and have the same food source, which means that they are competing for the same resources. Over many generations, the Chinstrap penguins, which are better adapted to the environment, were able to outcompete the Gentoo penguins and drive them to local extinction. Adaptive radiation, on the other hand, is the evolution of a single species into multiple species that each occupy a different niche. In the case of the Gentoo penguins, it appears that they were able to adapt to feeding on krill at greater depths than the Chinstrap penguins. This allowed them to occupy a different niche and coexist with the Chinstrap penguins without competing for the same resources. Adaptive radiation can occur when a species colonizes a new area with a variety of available niches or when a species evolves to exploit a new resource. In both cases, the species is able to diversify and occupy a variety of niches, allowing it to coexist with other species that occupy different niches.
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