The greatest distortion in a Mercator projection occurs towards the poles.
Generally, the maps are flat representations of Earth. The Earth is large and complicated but we can simplify it so that the information we want to display can be preserved, represented, and analyzed.
The vital step in the simplification is taking the surface of Earth and presenting it on a flat surface. When the Earth’s surface is converted from 3 dimensions to 2 dimensions, there are trade-offs. In addition to going from round to flat, the representation must be reduced in size.
All type of maps are projections, but only on small scale maps does the distortion of the projection become readily apparent to anyone but a keen observer. In conclusion, the maps of countries, continents, and the world show their map projection distortions readily.
Full question "From globe to flat map. Conversion of the globe to a flat map projection requires a decision about which properties to preserve and the amount of distortion that is acceptable. [NASA/NOAA/ GSFC/Suomi NPP/VIIRS/Norman Kuring.]Where does the greatest distortion in a Mercator projection occur?"
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