When you are multiplying terms with the same base, you add the exponents. It is a law of exponents.
What is the law of exponents?
When the two numbers have the same bases with different powers and are multiplied by each other the powers of the numbers are added.
An exponent is a way of showing repeated multiplication. For example,
x² means x·x
x³ means x·x·x
If we multiply these two expressions together, we get ...
(x²)·(x³) = (x·x)·(x·x·x) = x·x·x·x·x
This is a product in which x appears as a factor 5 times, so we can write it using an exponent as ...
x·x·x·x·x = x⁵
That is, when we multiply the expressions, we add the numbers of times the factor appears in the product:
2 + 3 = 5
x² · x³ = x²⁺³ = x⁵
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