Answer :
The stimuli, the sensors, the integrating centers, the target tissues or effectors, and the responses involved in the vasopressin reflex pathway placed in the appropriate categories are indicated as follows:
Stimulus:
- a decreased stretch of the atria
- increased blood osmolarity
- decreased blood pressure
Sensor:
- Atrial stretch receptors
- Carotid baroreceptors
- Osmoreceptors
Integrating Center:
- Hypothalamus
Efferent Signal:
- Vasopressin
Target Tissue:
- Collecting duct of the kidney
Response at Tissue:
- Insertion of aquaporins on the apical surface
Systemic Response:
- Increased reabsorption of H20
What is the vasopressin reflex pathway?
The most significant activity of vasopressin is its antidiuretic impact on the kidney's collecting ducts. Vasopressin interacts to V2 receptors located on the cell surface of tubular cells, triggering an intracellular cascade that ends in the formation of aquaporin-2, a water channel.
Rising plasma osmolality is the primary physiological stimulus for vasopressin production, but large decreases in arterial blood pressure and volume can also induce vasopressin secretion by unloading arterial baroreceptors.
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