Sound Navigation and Ranging is referred to as SONAR. It is a method used to find things, navigate, or communicate below the surface of the water. It makes advantage of the Echo concept.
Why is sonar a valuable tool?
Sound waves are used by sonar to "see" in the water.
Sonar is mainly used by NOAA scientists to create nautical charts, find underwater navigational hazards, find and map things on the bottom like shipwrecks, and map the actual seafloor. Nearby objects that block the sound waves' passage cause them to reflect back off of them. The distance to the item is determined using the timing of the sound wave's transmission and reception, the speed of sound in water, the angle of the echo, and the change in frequency.
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