In his short novel Animal Farm (1945), English novelist George Orwell (1903-50) allegorically depicts the 1917 Russian Revolution, when the tsarist dynasty was deposed and the Bolsheviks took power, and the revolution's gradual betrayal of its followers under dictator Joseph Stalin (1879–1953).
Manor Farm is an allegory for Russia, and Mr. Jones symbolizes the Russian Czar. The pig Snowball represents the intellectual revolutionary Leon Trotsky, while Old Major represents either Karl Marx or Vladimir Lenin. Napoleon represents Stalin, and the dogs are his secret police.
Three of the pigs (Old Major, Snowball, and Napoleon) each represent Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Josef Stalin.
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