Answer :
The process by which an atom or ion loses one or more electrons is known as oxidation, while the process by which an atom or ion gains one or more electrons is known as reduction.
The chemical processes in which electrons are transferred from one chemical to another. Redox reactions, also known as oxidation-reduction reactions, are the name given to these electron-transfer processes. The addition of oxygen or hydrogen to various compounds is another step in the oxidation and reduction reactions.
During oxidation processes,
1. Oxygen addition: C + O2 CO2 (oxidation of carbon)
2. Adding an electronegative element result in FeS (Fe + S) (oxidation of Iron)
3. Hydrogen removal: Br2 + H2S = 2 HBr + S (oxidation of sulphide)
4. Elimination of electropositive elements: I2 + 2 KOH + 2 KI + H2O (oxidation of iodide)
An oxidizing agent is something that causes oxidation. O2, S, Cl2, Br2, and H2O2 are oxidizing agents in the examples above.
Reduction responses include:
1. Hydrogen addition: N2 + 3 H2 2NH3 (reduction of nitrogen)
2. Electropositive element addition results in SnCl2 + 2HgCl2 becoming SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 ( reduction of mercuric chloride)
3. Oxygen removal ZnO + C Zn + CO (reduction of zinc oxide)
4. Electronegative element removal using 2FeCl3 + H2 2FeCl2 + 2HCl (reduction of ferric chloride)
A substance that causes reduction is known as a reducing agent. HgCl2, C, and H2 are the reducing agents in the aforementioned cases.
A substance that goes through oxidation serves as a reducing agent, whereas a substance that goes through reduction serves as an oxidizing agent.
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