in the general formulation of fourier's law (applicable to any geometry), what are the vector and scalar quantities? why is there a minus sign on the right-hand side of the equation?



Answer :

The scalar quantities in Fourier's law is the temperature and the conductivity whereas heat flux is vector.

Heat moves from a higher temperature to a lower temperature, which is explained by the minus sign.

Fourier's law

q = -k ▽T

Where,

q is the local heat flux density in W.m2

k is the conductivity of the material in W.m-1.K-1

▽T is the temperature gradient in K.m-1

The terms "force," "speed," "velocity," and "work" are frequently used, and they all refer to scalar or vector quantities. Physical quantities like mass and electric charge are examples of scalar quantities because they only have magnitudes. In contrast, a vector quantity is a physical quantity like force or weight that has both magnitudes and directions.

To learn more about scalar and vector

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