Answer :
Potassium option - b is correct answer. Effective nuclear charge increases from left to right and decreases down a column.
The definition of effective nuclear charge
Effective nuclear charge is the positive charge that nuclear protons have and that attracts valence electrons. Because of the shielding effect, the effective nuclear charge is never equal to the total number of protons in a nucleus.
Because electrons in this shell encounter the least amount of shielding and as a result, the largest effective nuclear charge, the Atomic Shell that is closer to the Nucleus (i.e., which is of lower energy), experiences this phenomenon.
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