Answer :

The US, UK, France, China, and Russia are the five permanent members. Ten of the UN Security Council's non-permanent members are elected to two-year mandates.

Why can just five nations use their veto?

China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States are the five sovereign states that the UN Charter of 1945 assigns a permanent seat on the UN Security Council. They are often referred to as the Permanent Five, the Big Five, or the P5. But because of their mutual mistrust, these governments did not want to entrust crucial security decisions to a Council majority that might be unfriendly. Because of this, the veto was still in place, but it was limited to the five permanent member nations.

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