Answer :
The Black Death, which reduced the available labor supply in Europe, led to an increase in the Portuguese participation inside the African slave trade.
In social science, citizen participation and public participation refers to various systems allowing the public to voice ideas – and ideally exercise influence – on political, economic, management, or other social decisions. Participatory decision-making can occur in any area of human social activity, particularly economic activity. It is suggested that some level of transparency, such as radical transparency, is required but not sufficient for well-informed involvement. It has also been suggested that those who are most affected by a choice should have the greatest input, whereas those who are least affected ought to have the least. With the presentation of his "citizen engagement continuum," Robert Silverman built on Arnstein's ladder for citizen participation.
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