Answer :
The Hardy-Weinberg theorem is the essential null model for population genetics because it describes genotype frequency distributions in populations that are not changing.
Basic Mendelian Genetics:
The hereditary material was seen as a fluid that combined the qualities from two individuals to produce phenotypically intermediate children under the now debunked notion of blending inheritance. Blending inheritance may appear intuitively acceptable given patterns of similarity between parents and children, as it did to many of Charles Darwin's contemporaries. However, because Darwin's theory of natural selection (1859) relies on the occurrence of heritable trait variation in populations of organisms, this mechanism of inheritance presented issues.
The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium:
Mendelian genetics are discussed in the context of populations of diploid, sexually reproducing individuals in the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem.A population's allele frequencies won't fluctuate from generation to generation.
Evolutionary Implications of the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem:
In the absence of factors that alter allele frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg Theorem shows that Mendelian loci segregating for multiple alleles in diploid populations will maintain predictable levels of genetic diversity. Plotting p2, 2pq, and q2 as a function of allele frequencies is a frequent method of illustrating these predictions .
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