Answer :
Example of Divergent Plate: Mid Atlantic ridge, Red Sea Ridge, and Southeast Indian Ridge.
Example of Convergent Plate: The collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate.
Example of Transform Plate: San Andreas Fault Zone of western North America.
- Divergent Plate:
In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also called constructive or extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates moving apart. Diverging boundaries within continents first create rifts that eventually become rift valleys. The most active diverging plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-ocean ridges.
Recent research suggests that complex convective currents within the Earth's mantle allow matter to rise to the bottom of the lithosphere beneath each divergent plate boundary. This provides the region with a tremendous amount of heat and pressure reduction that melts rock from the asthenosphere (or upper mantle) below the rift region, forming large flood basalts or lava flows.
- Continental Plate:
When continental and oceanic plates collide, the thin, dense oceanic plate is overwritten by the thicker, less dense continental plate. The oceanic plate is being pushed into the mantle in a process known as "subduction." As the oceanic plate sinks, it is forced into a hotter environment. At a depth of about 160 km (100 miles), the material within the subducting plate begins to approach melting temperatures and the process of partial melting begins.
This partial melting creates a magma chamber above the subducting oceanic plate. These magma chambers are less dense and buoyant than the surrounding mantle material. A buoyant magma chamber begins to rise slowly through the material above it, melting and rupturing as it rises. The size and depth of these magma chambers can be determined by mapping the seismic activity around the magma chambers. When a magma chamber rises to the surface without solidifying, magma breaks through in the form of a volcanic eruption.
- Transformation Plate:
A third type of plate boundary is a deformation fault where plates slip past each other without creating or breaking the crust. Rocks facing each other on both sides of a fault are usually of different types and ages, because rocks are cut and displaced by movement in opposite directions. These structures are so-called strike faults.
As friction increases and the sliding motion of the blade stops at one point, stress builds up and can be released with abrupt slippage. These can lead to some of the most damaging earthquakes in the continental crust. The San Andreas Fault (western United States), the North Anatolia Fault (Turkey), and the Dolores-Guayaquil Mega Fault in the northern Andes are examples of massive strike faults that cut through the continental crust.
Mid-ocean ridges are also often offset by so-called transformation faults. However, due to its association with stress distribution centers and the varied nature of the oceanic crust, earthquakes occurring there are usually shallow and therefore weak.
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