Answer :
The correct response is a) formation of island chains. The event formation of island chains is associated with convergent boundaries. An area where two plates converge is referred to as a convergent border. The borders of one or both colliding plates may bow up into mountain ranges as a result of the impact, or one plate may bend downward into a deep undersea trench.
A region on Earth where two or more lithospheric plates clash is known as a convergent boundary, also referred to as a destructive boundary. Subduction is the inevitable sliding of one plate beneath the other. The Wadati-Benioff zone, a plane with a high frequency of earthquakes, can be used to designate the subduction zone. These collisions take place over timescales of millions to tens of millions of years and can cause deformation, earthquakes, volcanism, orogenesis, lithosphere destruction, and orogenesis. Oceanic-oceanic lithosphere, oceanic-continental lithosphere, and continental-continental lithosphere all have convergent borders. Depending on the types of crust, convergent borders have different geologic characteristics. Convection cells in the mantle are what propel plate tectonics. Convection cells are produced when cool materials from the surface return to the mantle and heat produced by radioactive decay of mantle components escapes to the surface. These convection cells create new crust by bringing heated mantle material to the surface along spreading centres. The creation of younger crust pushes this new crust away from the spreading centre, where it cools, thins, and gets denser. When this dense crust converges with less dense crust, subduction starts. The subducting slab is propelled into the mantle in part by the force of gravity.
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