Answer :
The Earth's surface is carved by rocks and boulders that are dragged by moving glaciers, which must be pliable enough to move.
A glacier is a long-lasting mass of heavy ice that is perpetually moving. When the ablation of snow is greater than the accumulation over a long period of time, frequently centuries, a glacier forms. As it slowly flows and deforms under forces brought on by its weight, it gains distinctive features like crevasses and seracs. Cirques, moraines, and fjords are the result of the erosion of rock and debris from its substrate as it travels. The considerably thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water are not the same as glaciers, which form only on land and may flow into water bodies. On Earth, huge ice sheets (sometimes referred to as "continental glaciers") in the polar regions are home to 99% of all glacial ice; nevertheless, glaciers can be found in mountain ranges on every continent except from Australia's mainland, including high-latitude oceanic island nations like New Zealand. Glaciers are only found in the Himalayas, Andes, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea, and on Zard-Kuh in Iran between latitudes 35°N and 35°S. Pakistan has more glacial ice than any other nation outside of the polar regions, with more than 7,000 recognized glaciers. About 10% of the area on Earth is covered by glaciers. With an average thickness of 2,100 meters, continental glaciers span roughly 13 million km2 (5 million sq mi), or almost 98% of Antarctica (7,000 ft). Huge stretches of continental glaciers are also present in Greenland and Patagonia. It has been calculated that there are 170,000 km3 worth of glaciers, excluding the ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland.
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