Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities?
(a) nutrient availability, soil pH, light
(b) precipitation, wind, temperature intensity
(c) predation, competition, disease
(d) all of the above



Answer :

d) all of above are  important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities.

Abiotic components or abiotic variables are non-living chemical and physical elements of the environment that have an impact on living things and the health of ecosystems in biology and ecology. Biology as a whole is supported by abiotic causes and the phenomena that go along with them. They have an impact on a wide range of species, including marine and land animals, in many kinds of environmental settings. Abiotic elements of a species' habitat can be created or altered by humans. For example, human-produced greenhouse gases can alter the pH levels of the ocean and have an impact on the habitat of snails.

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