The compromise of 1850 was necessitated by California's application for statehood, which reignited the debate over the balance of slave and free states.
It recognized California as a free state, permitted Utah and New Mexico to determine whether they wanted to be slave or free states, established a new Texas-New Mexico line, and made it easier for slaveowners to retrieve prisoners under the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.
Sectional conflicts over slavery were weakening the bonds of unification between the North and South by 1850. These tensions heightened as Congress began to explore whether the western territory gained following the Mexican-American War would allow slavery.
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