Answer :

Vertical, horizontal, and novel mutations are the following events in order from greatest to least contribution to the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations.

What distinguishes vertical from horizontal gene transfer?

The genetic material is transferred between bacterial cells without being connected with cell division, which is known as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) [1-3]. Vertical inheritance, in contrast, refers to the transfer of genetic material during cell division from the mother cell to the daughter cell.

What do vertical and horizontal categorisation mean?

Vertical in this context refers to phylogenetic relationships that span time from an ancestor to a descendant. Horizontal refers to simultaneous living. Geologists and paleontologists who came after them have a distinctive belief that time should be measured as an ascending march from the bottom to the top.

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