Answer :
The equator's weakening winds during an El Nao year cause the water's surface to warm, which in turn causes the winds to weaken even more.
Does an El Nio cause a warming or cooling of the western Pacific Ocean?
Warm surface water from the western Pacific to the coast of northern South America moves eastward along the Equator as a result of these variations in air pressure and wind speed. The thermocline, the ocean depth separating warm surface water from cooler water below, is further lowered by these warm surface waves.
Why is the water so chilly along South America's west coast?
This is because cold, nutrient-rich water can upwell from deeper levels off the northwest coast of South America due to the trade winds moving from east to west around the equator.
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