90% of the people who were slaves were illiterate. They were less likely to challenge the current quo if they lacked knowledge since education equals power.
The slave owners were concerned that if the slaves learned to read, they might eventually start a revolt. In order to prevent slaves from banding together and making plots to fight white slave masters, they were forbidden from reading and writing.
In order to keep them from reading books that encouraged boldness and confidence in their own histories, they were also forbidden from reading or writing. In order to maintain a feeling of dependence and reliance on the system—the institution of slavery—they were forbidden from reading and writing.
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