Answer :
Molly discovers that crime is declining in her state thanks to the evening news on television. An illustration of a first-order effect is this.
First-order is assume that the frame consists of a beam connecting two columns, moment connections between the beam and columns, and pinned connections at the bases of the columns. The top of the beam is loaded with a vertical line load, and one column's top is loaded horizontally. The reaction forces and associated stresses that you calculate using only basic statics and adding the moments are considered first order effects. Frame formulae might potentially be used to determine these forces. To obtain lateral (sway) deflections for the frame, second order effects consider the forms and properties of the material. The sway causes the vertical line load on the beam to be eccentric, which increases the axial forces in the columns.
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