Following the end of the Civil War, all of the following barriers were used by states to limit the right to vote of newly freed slaves, EXCEPT black primaries.
Following the end of the Civil War many blacks were prevented from voting due to poll taxes and literacy tests. Many southern states also denied blacks the right to vote by using the white primary. This was a primary election in which only white people could vote.
Poll taxes, literacy tests, fraud, and intimidation all kept African Americans from voting. Many states used the "grandfather clause" to keep slave descendants out of elections until the Supreme Court struck it down in 1915.
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