One of Wilson's goals in delivering the Fourteen Points speech was to offer a workable alternative to the Bolshevik-inspired world vision and the conventional idea of an international balance of power maintained by alliances among nations, both of which had their viability doubted following World War I.
What Were the Fourteen Points?
- Wilson outlined 14 strategies in his speech to ensure both global peace and domestic security. The most important sections, though, set the tone for postwar American diplomacy and the principles that would become the cornerstone of American foreign policy as the country rose to superpower status in the early 20th century. A few points specifically addressed territorial issues in Europe.
- Wilson anticipated that the significance of international relations to the security of the United States and to world trade would only increase. For the former colonies of Europe's collapsing empires, he pushed for equal trade terms, a reduction in military spending, and national sovereignty.
- Wilson's Fourteen Points speech served several purposes, including to offer a workable alternative to the Bolshevik-inspired visions of a global revolution that were at the time gaining support both inside and outside of Russia and the traditional idea of an international balance of power preserved by alliances among nations, whose viability had been believed to be undermined by World War
- Wilson also hoped to keep a troubled Russia fighting alongside the Allies. At the end of 1917, shortly after assuming power as a result of the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks attempted to make peace with the Central Powers.
- But in other ways, Wilson's Fourteen Points were crucial to the course of world politics over the ensuing years. The translation and distribution of the speech to the soldiers and people of Germany and Austria-Hungary helped influence their decision to accept an armistice in November 1918.
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