12. why does the sun gradually brighten and how does this brightening affect the location of the habitable zone over time?



Answer :

Therefore, Europa lies outside the habitable zone of the sun and is therefore not a place where life can exist.

What is habitable zone?

The habitable zone gradually takes on a new shape. How much starlight can warm a planet determines its shape. The physical size and luminosity of an aging star increase in all directions, and as they do, so does their heat, which moves outward with them.

What is sun stage?

The Sun is currently and will remain for the next 4-5 billion years a main-sequence star. It will then develop and cool to become a red giant before shrinking and reawakening to become a white dwarf. The white dwarf star will gradually cool down once its nuclear fuel has run out over many billions of years.

When hydrogen in the core transforms into helium, the density of hydrogen begins to decline over time. This causes the rate of nuclear reactions to slow down in the core, which lowers radiation pressure.

By warming and contracting to maintain the balance while gravity pulls inward, the core compensates. The sun's temperature starts to rise as a result. The brightness of the sun also rises when the temperature starts to rise.

As the habitable zone expands and moves away from the sun, it is affected by the sun's brightness over time.

Earth has been habitable for 4 billion years because its surface temperatures allow liquid water to exist. 

Titan is colder than Earth and lacks liquid water that is stable. Titan is not a place where people can live.

The habitable zone of the sun extends only as far as Mars. The surface of Mars is inhospitable.

Europa is heated by the tides, which permits liquid water to exist beneath its ice-covered surface.

Therefore, Europa lies outside the habitable zone of the sun and is therefore not a place where life can exist.

Learn more about habitable zone from the given link.

https://brainly.com/question/2869486

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