In each case, she fills a reaction vessel with some mixture of the reactants and products at a constant temperature of 135.0 °C and constant total pressure. Then, she measures the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS of the first reaction, and the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction free energy AG of the second reaction. The results of her measurements are shown in the table. Complete the table. That is, calculate AG for the first reaction and AS for the second. (Round your answer to zero decimal places.) Then, decide whether, under the conditions the engineer has set up, the reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is spontaneous, or neither forward nor reverse reaction is spontaneous because the system is at equilibrium. AH = -107. kJ AS = -194 J K X $ ? AG = kJ C(s) + 2C1, (g) - CC1,(g) Which is spontaneous? this reaction the reverse reaction neither AH = 951. kJ | as=0 AG = 37. kJ Al 0,(s) + 3H2(g) + 2Al(s) + 3H20 (8) Which is spontaneous? this reaction the reverse reaction neither

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18-11-2022
Chemistry

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In each case, she fills a reaction vessel with some mixture of the reactants and products at a constant temperature of 135.0 °C and constant total pressure. Then, she measures the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS of the first reaction, and the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction free energy AG of the second reaction. The results of her measurements are shown in the table. Complete the table. That is, calculate AG for the first reaction and AS for the second. (Round your answer to zero decimal places.) Then, decide whether, under the conditions the engineer has set up, the reaction is spontaneous, the reverse reaction is spontaneous, or neither forward nor reverse reaction is spontaneous because the system is at equilibrium. AH = -107. kJ AS = -194 J K X $ ? AG = kJ C(s) + 2C1, (g) - CC1,(g) Which is spontaneous? this reaction the reverse reaction neither AH = 951. kJ | as=0 AG = 37. kJ Al 0,(s) + 3H2(g) + 2Al(s) + 3H20 (8) Which is spontaneous? this reaction the reverse reaction neither

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tutorconsortium126 tutorconsortium126 · Answer 1 · 2022-11-25T05:30:41-05:00

To understand the connection between free energy and the equilibrium constant. The sign of a chemical reaction's standard free energy change G° determines whether the reaction will tend to proceed forward or backward. Similarly, the relative signs of G° and S° determine whether or not temperature affects the spontaneity of a chemical reaction, and if so, how much.

How do you determine enthalpy and entropy?

G is only relevant for changes where the temperature and pressure remain constant. Most laboratory reactions are performed under these conditions; the system is usually open to the atmosphere (constant pressure), and the process begins and ends at room temperature (after any heat we have added or which is liberated by the reaction has dissipated.)

The Gibbs function is crucial because it is the single master variable that determines whether a given chemical change is thermodynamically possible.

Thus, if the free energy of the reactants is greater than the free energy of the products, the entropy of the world will increase when the reaction occurs as written, and the reaction will tend to occur spontaneously. In contrast, if the free energy of the products exceeds that of the reactants, the reaction will tend to proceed in the opposite direction rather than the one specified.

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