Lincoln decided to launch the military action against the South because:
The Confederate States of America, a grouping of eleven southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860 and 1861, and the United States of America fought each other in the American Civil War. The long-standing dispute about the legitimacy of slavery is largely responsible for how the conflict got started.
Uncompromising disagreements between the free and slave states about the national government's authority to outlaw slavery in the territories that had not yet constituted states led to the start of the Civil War.
Conflicts over federal vs. state rights, the election of Abraham Lincoln, and the economics were the causes of the Civil War. Following Lincoln's inauguration in 1861, the South seceded, and the Battle of Fort Sumter marked the official commencement of the Civil War.
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What two reasons does Lincoln give for launching military action against the South?
to honor the common soldiers and sailors who have not abandoned their posts
to teach Americans that change can only come peacefully, through elections, not through war
to guarantee that every state continues to have a republican form of government, as promised by the Constitution
to preserve a government dedicated to giving each citizen a fair chance
to take revenge on the treacherous officers who abandoned their flag