In Missouri's Dred Scott Case, 1846-1857, the supreme court denied a slave living on free soil personhood and citizenship.
Dred Scott filed a claim in court for freedom on the grounds that living on land free of slavery had freed him. In the case of Dred Scott v. Sandford, the Supreme Court decided that people of African heritage living in the United States—slave or free—were not citizens and could not file lawsuits in federal court.
Enslaved persons could not anticipate any protection from the federal government or the courts because they were not citizens of the United States, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in this case. The ruling added that Congress lacked the power to outlaw slavery on federal property. The Supreme Court rejected Dred Scott's appeal, holding that individuals had the freedom to manage their property.
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