The two principal factors that lead to microevolution are migration and natural selection.
What is microevolution?
Microevolution is the gradual shift in allele frequencies within a population. Four separate processes—mutation, natural and artificial selection, gene flow, and genetic drift—are responsible for this shift.
As the primary mechanism for microevolution, you can turn to Charles Darwin's foundational theory of natural selection. Alleles that result in advantageous adaptations are handed on to subsequent generations because the likelihood that individuals with those features will live long enough to reproduce is increased. As a result, undesirable adaptations gradually disappear from the gene pool and are bred out of the population. When compared to earlier generations, variations in allele frequency become more obvious over time.
The genetic features that are present in a population can change at any time due to migration, or the movement of people into or out of that group. Other organisms relocate seasonally or in reaction to unanticipated environmental pressures, similar to how northern birds migrate south during the winter. Different alleles are introduced into the new host group through immigration, or the movement of an individual into a population.
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