The final step in the collagen synthesis pathway, the formation of the collagen fibril, is produced by the extracellular copper-dependent enzyme lysyl oxidase.
What is collagen synthesis?
- Collagen synthesis mostly takes place in fibroblasts, specialized cells that produce collagen and stroma as their primary purpose. Both intracellularly and extracellularly, collagen is produced.
- The nascent collagen polypeptide chain undergoes (1) cotranslational prolyl-4- and lysyl-hydroxylation in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER), (2) glycosylation and prolyl-3-hydroxylation, and (3) folding of the C- and N-terminal propeptides.
- The creation of collagen requires vitamin C in the strictest sense. Prolyl hydroxylase (to stabilize the collagen molecule) and lysyl hydroxylase, two enzymes necessary for collagen synthesis, both depend on vitamin C as an important cofactor (to give structural strength cross-linking).
- The four main stages of these processes are initiation, unwinding, primer synthesis, and elongation.
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