During glycolysis, glucose ultimately breaks down into pyruvate and energy; a total of 2 ATP is derived in the process (Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi --> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ + 2 ATP + 2 H2O).
The hydroxyl groups allow for phosphorylation. The specific form of glucose used in glycolysis is glucose 6-phosphate. A charged phosphate group is added to this molecule during the phosphorylation of glucose by glucokinase. Since G6P is unable to permeate the cell membrane, unbound glucose cannot diffuse out of the cells. Hepatocytes can capture glucose because of the phosphorylation step that is made possible by glucokinase.
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