When a circular DNA gets underrotated by the action of cellular enzymes, the DNA is said to exhibit Negative supercoiling.
- Negative supercoiling is a form of DNA underwinding in which the number of twists is less than what is predicted by the number of helical turns.
- This can be caused by enzymes that unwind DNA, or by DNA-binding proteins that bend or distort the molecule.
- Negative supercoiling makes DNA more compact and can affect its function, such as by affecting the binding of proteins.
- The double helical, right-handed type of DNA is called positive supercoiling. It is tightly twisted in a right-handed manner until a knot-like helix forms.
- DNA has a left-handed, double helical structure known as negative supercoiling. Negative supercoil' s knot has a high twisting stress despite the helix being underwound and having low twisting stress.
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