before doing his groundbreaking research on cognitive dissonance, leon festinger and his colleagues (1950) conducted research at a university housing project called westgate west. among other things, they examined friendship formation among apartment residents. the results showed that the residents living near the stairwells formed twice as many friendships with upstairs neighbors as those living in the middle apartments, which were further from the stairs. these results illustrate the impact of __________ on friendship formation.