Answer :
Due to the fact that both the gametophyte and sporophyte phases of the fern life cycle are free-living, they vary from other land plants. This interactive demonstrates how fern generations alternate.
Fern's life cycle:
The fern goes through two distinct stages in its life cycle: the sporophyte, which produces spores, and the gametophyte, which releases gametes. Sporophyte plants are diploid, whereas gametophyte plants are haploid. Alternation of generations is the name given to this type of life cycle.
Meiosis:
Meiosis, a type of cell division, creates gametes, which are cells with half as many chromosomes as the parent cell. These cells are the spore in ferns.
Spores:
Small reproductive structures called spores are expelled from the sporangium.
Spore germination:
Released spores develop into gametophytes, which are little structures in the form of hearts.
Gametophyte:
Reproductive organs for both genders can be found in gametophytes. To improve the likelihood of cross-fertilization and genetic diversity, they mature at various periods.
Archegonium:
The female Reproductive organ is called the archegonium. These are flask-like organs that create eggs and are accessed by sperm swimming down the neck.
Antheridium:
The male gender organ is the antheridium. These are tiny, spherical structures that create sperm with flagella.
Fertilization:
When the fern's egg and sperm join to produce a zygote, fertilization takes place. Water is necessary for ferns so that the sperm can get to the egg. A zygote, which combines the genetic material from both the egg and the sperm, has all the DNA needed to develop into a new fern plant.
sporophyte in development:
The prothallus gives rise to the zygote (fern gametophyte). It multiplies by mitosis to become a new fern plant.
Mature sporophyte:
The rhizome, the fronds, and the sporangia are the three main components of a mature fern plant. The sporangia, which are released from the sporophyte structure of the adult fern plant, produce spores.
Sporangia
The reproductive spores are held in sori, which are collections of sporangia. On the bottom of fern fronds, you can find them.
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