Answer :
when forces along the body are transmitted to an adjacent structure, usually the floor or a piece of equipment is called Closed Kinetic chain .
A closed kinetic chain exercise, according to Steindler, occurs when the distal section encounters "substantial" external resistance that prevents unrestricted movement. As a result, neither the proximal nor the distal portions can move in this system.
Unfortunately, Steindler did not provide a numerical value for the word "substantial" in his original definition, which causes misunderstanding and disagreement over what constitutes a true closed kinetic chain movement. Except during isometric exercises, where there is no movement, true closed kinetic chain movement patterns never happen in the extremities.
However, in clinical practise, "resistance is imposed through the distal portion of the extremity and remains fixed to the extremities" is the definition of a closed kinetic chain. The standing squat is the best illustration of this since the feet stay firmly planted and the surface encounters significant resistance from the athlete's bodyweight or additional weight.
Due to its built-in functional stimulation, closed kinetic chain exercises have been used more and more in rehabilitation programmes for more than 20 years.
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